STM32F100 模拟 STM8 SWIM 接口实现

基于STM32F100模拟STM8 SWIM接口的方案

一、SWIM接口原理

1、SWIM物理层特性

单线双向：数据+电源（可选）
开漏输出：需要外部上拉电阻（4.7kΩ-10kΩ）
通信速率：低速8kHz，高速800kHz
协议：曼彻斯特编码

2、引脚连接

STM32F100              STM8 SWIM
PA0 (SWIM) -----/\/\---- NRST (SWIM)
                4.7kΩ
                  ↓
                3.3V

必须加上拉电阻，否则通信不稳定

二、硬件配置

1、STM32F100最小系统

主频：24MHz
供电：3.3V
调试：SWD接口

2、外部电路

电源管理：
3.3V → LDO → STM8 VDD
         ↓
     目标板供电

三、SWIM协议实现

1、头文件定义

// swim.h
#ifndef __SWIM_H
#define __SWIM_H

#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

// SWIM状态
typedef enum {
    SWIM_IDLE = 0,
    SWIM_ACTIVE,
    SWIM_SYNC,
    SWIM_COMMAND,
    SWIM_DATA,
    SWIM_ERROR
} SWIM_State_t;

// SWIM命令
typedef enum {
    SWIM_CMD_ROFF = 0x00,     // 读选项字节
    SWIM_CMD_WOPT  = 0x01,    // 写选项字节
    SWIM_CMD_RSTAT = 0x02,    // 读状态
    SWIM_CMD_WCFG  = 0x03,    // 写配置
    SWIM_CMD_RMEM  = 0x80,    // 读内存
    SWIM_CMD_WMEM  = 0x81,    // 写内存
    SWIM_CMD_SRST  = 0xFF     // 软件复位
} SWIM_Command_t;

// SWIM错误码
typedef enum {
    SWIM_OK = 0,
    SWIM_TIMEOUT,
    SWIM_CRC_ERROR,
    SWIM_NO_RESPONSE,
    SWIM_BUS_ERROR
} SWIM_Error_t;

// SWIM句柄
typedef struct {
    GPIO_TypeDef* port;
    uint16_t pin;
    
    SWIM_State_t state;
    uint8_t target_id;
    uint32_t timeout;
    
    // 定时器用于精确延时
    TIM_HandleTypeDef* htim;
    
    // 统计
    uint32_t tx_count;
    uint32_t rx_count;
    uint32_t error_count;
} SWIM_Handle_t;

// 函数声明
void SWIM_Init(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, GPIO_TypeDef* port, uint16_t pin, TIM_HandleTypeDef* htim);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Activate(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Reset(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Read_Byte(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* data);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Write_Byte(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t data);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Read_Memory(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* buffer, uint16_t size);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Write_Memory(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* data, uint16_t size);
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Erase_Page(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr);
void SWIM_Set_Speed(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t speed_hz);
uint8_t SWIM_Calculate_CRC(uint8_t* data, uint8_t len);

// 调试函数
void SWIM_Print_Status(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim);

#endif

2、SWIM初始化

// swim.c
#include "swim.h"
#include <string.h>

// 全局句柄
static SWIM_Handle_t* swim_handle = NULL;

// 精确延时函数（基于定时器）
static void SWIM_Delay_us(uint32_t us)
{
    __HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(swim_handle->htim, 0);
    HAL_TIM_Base_Start(swim_handle->htim);
    
    while (__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(swim_handle->htim) < us);
    
    HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(swim_handle->htim);
}

// 初始化SWIM接口
void SWIM_Init(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, GPIO_TypeDef* port, uint16_t pin, TIM_HandleTypeDef* htim)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
    
    swim_handle = hswim;
    
    // 保存参数
    hswim->port = port;
    hswim->pin = pin;
    hswim->htim = htim;
    hswim->state = SWIM_IDLE;
    hswim->timeout = 1000;  // 默认1ms超时
    
    // 初始化GPIO为开漏输出
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = pin;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;  // 开漏输出
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
    // 默认释放总线（高电平）
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(port, pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
    
    // 初始化定时器
    if (htim != NULL) {
        HAL_TIM_Base_Start(htim);
    }
}

3、SWIM激活序列（关键）

// SWIM激活序列
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Activate(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim)
{
    uint32_t start_time = HAL_GetTick();
    
    // 1. 发送16us低电平
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    SWIM_Delay_us(16);
    
    // 2. 发送>1ms的高电平
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
    SWIM_Delay_us(1500);  // 1.5ms
    
    // 3. 发送8us低电平
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    SWIM_Delay_us(8);
    
    // 4. 释放总线，等待响应
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
    
    // 切换为输入模式检测响应
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = hswim->pin;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
    // 5. 等待STM8响应（60us内拉低至少2us）
    uint8_t response_received = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {  // 检查60us
        if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(hswim->port, hswim->pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) {
            response_received = 1;
            break;
        }
        SWIM_Delay_us(1);
    }
    
    if (!response_received) {
        // 切换回输出模式
        GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
        HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
        return SWIM_NO_RESPONSE;
    }
    
    // 6. 等待响应结束
    while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(hswim->port, hswim->pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) {
        if (HAL_GetTick() - start_time > hswim->timeout) {
            GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
            HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
            return SWIM_TIMEOUT;
        }
    }
    
    // 7. 发送同步字节 0x7F
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
    SWIM_Send_Byte(hswim, 0x7F);
    
    // 8. 接收同步响应
    uint8_t sync_response = 0;
    SWIM_Error_t err = SWIM_Receive_Byte(hswim, &sync_response);
    
    if (err != SWIM_OK) {
        return err;
    }
    
    if (sync_response != 0x7F) {
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    hswim->state = SWIM_ACTIVE;
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 复位STM8
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Reset(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim)
{
    // 发送复位序列
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    SWIM_Delay_us(16);
    
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
    SWIM_Delay_us(1000);  // 1ms
    
    hswim->state = SWIM_IDLE;
    return SWIM_OK;
}

4、位传输函数

// 发送一个位
static void SWIM_Send_Bit(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint8_t bit)
{
    if (bit) {
        // 发送'1': 低电平1us，高电平3us
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
        SWIM_Delay_us(1);
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
        SWIM_Delay_us(3);
    } else {
        // 发送'0': 低电平3us，高电平1us
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
        SWIM_Delay_us(3);
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(hswim->port, hswim->pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
        SWIM_Delay_us(1);
    }
}

// 接收一个位
static uint8_t SWIM_Receive_Bit(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim)
{
    uint32_t start_time = HAL_GetTick();
    uint8_t bit = 0;
    
    // 切换为输入模式
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = hswim->pin;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
    // 等待下降沿
    while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(hswim->port, hswim->pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET) {
        if (HAL_GetTick() - start_time > hswim->timeout) {
            GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
            HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
            return 0xFF;  // 超时
        }
    }
    
    // 测量低电平时间
    uint32_t low_start = micros();
    while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(hswim->port, hswim->pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) {
        if (HAL_GetTick() - start_time > hswim->timeout) {
            GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
            HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
            return 0xFF;
        }
    }
    uint32_t low_duration = micros() - low_start;
    
    // 判断是0还是1
    if (low_duration > 2) {  // 低电平>2us是0
        bit = 0;
    } else {
        bit = 1;
    }
    
    // 切换回输出模式
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(hswim->port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
    return bit;
}

5、字节传输函数

// 发送一个字节
static SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Send_Byte(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint8_t data)
{
    // 发送起始位（0）
    SWIM_Send_Bit(hswim, 0);
    
    // 发送8个数据位（LSB first）
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        SWIM_Send_Bit(hswim, (data >> i) & 0x01);
    }
    
    // 计算并发送奇偶校验位
    uint8_t parity = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        if (data & (1 << i)) parity ^= 1;
    }
    SWIM_Send_Bit(hswim, parity);
    
    // 发送停止位（1）
    SWIM_Send_Bit(hswim, 1);
    
    hswim->tx_count++;
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 接收一个字节
static SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Receive_Byte(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint8_t* data)
{
    uint8_t byte = 0;
    uint8_t bit;
    
    // 接收起始位
    bit = SWIM_Receive_Bit(hswim);
    if (bit == 0xFF) return SWIM_TIMEOUT;
    if (bit != 0) return SWIM_ERROR;  // 起始位应该是0
    
    // 接收8个数据位
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        bit = SWIM_Receive_Bit(hswim);
        if (bit == 0xFF) return SWIM_TIMEOUT;
        byte |= (bit << i);
    }
    
    // 接收奇偶校验位
    uint8_t received_parity = SWIM_Receive_Bit(hswim);
    if (received_parity == 0xFF) return SWIM_TIMEOUT;
    
    // 计算奇偶校验
    uint8_t calculated_parity = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        if (byte & (1 << i)) calculated_parity ^= 1;
    }
    
    if (received_parity != calculated_parity) {
        return SWIM_CRC_ERROR;
    }
    
    // 接收停止位
    bit = SWIM_Receive_Bit(hswim);
    if (bit == 0xFF) return SWIM_TIMEOUT;
    if (bit != 1) return SWIM_ERROR;  // 停止位应该是1
    
    *data = byte;
    hswim->rx_count++;
    return SWIM_OK;
}

6、内存读写函数

// 读取一个字节
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Read_Byte(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* data)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    uint8_t cmd_buffer[5];
    
    if (hswim->state != SWIM_ACTIVE) {
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    // 构建读命令
    cmd_buffer[0] = SWIM_CMD_RMEM;  // 读内存命令
    cmd_buffer[1] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF;  // 地址高位
    cmd_buffer[2] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
    cmd_buffer[3] = addr & 0xFF;         // 地址低位
    cmd_buffer[4] = SWIM_Calculate_CRC(cmd_buffer, 4);  // CRC
    
    // 发送命令
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Send_Byte(hswim, cmd_buffer[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    }
    
    // 接收数据
    err = SWIM_Receive_Byte(hswim, data);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 写入一个字节
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Write_Byte(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t data)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    uint8_t cmd_buffer[6];
    
    if (hswim->state != SWIM_ACTIVE) {
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    // 构建写命令
    cmd_buffer[0] = SWIM_CMD_WMEM;  // 写内存命令
    cmd_buffer[1] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF;  // 地址高位
    cmd_buffer[2] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
    cmd_buffer[3] = addr & 0xFF;         // 地址低位
    cmd_buffer[4] = data;                // 数据
    cmd_buffer[5] = SWIM_Calculate_CRC(cmd_buffer, 5);  // CRC
    
    // 发送命令
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Send_Byte(hswim, cmd_buffer[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    }
    
    // 接收响应
    uint8_t response = 0;
    err = SWIM_Receive_Byte(hswim, &response);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    
    if (response != 0x00) {  // 0x00表示写入成功
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 批量读取内存
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Read_Memory(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* buffer, uint16_t size)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Read_Byte(hswim, addr + i, &buffer[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) {
            return err;
        }
        
        // 小延时，防止目标设备忙
        SWIM_Delay_us(10);
    }
    
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 批量写入内存
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Write_Memory(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* data, uint16_t size)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Write_Byte(hswim, addr + i, data[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) {
            return err;
        }
        
        // 小延时
        SWIM_Delay_us(10);
    }
    
    return SWIM_OK;
}

7、Flash编程函数

// 擦除一页
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Erase_Page(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    uint8_t cmd_buffer[5];
    
    // 构建擦除命令
    cmd_buffer[0] = 0x82;  // 页擦除命令
    cmd_buffer[1] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF;
    cmd_buffer[2] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
    cmd_buffer[3] = addr & 0xFF;
    cmd_buffer[4] = SWIM_Calculate_CRC(cmd_buffer, 4);
    
    // 发送命令
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Send_Byte(hswim, cmd_buffer[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    }
    
    // 接收响应
    uint8_t response = 0;
    err = SWIM_Receive_Byte(hswim, &response);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    
    if (response != 0x00) {
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    // 等待擦除完成
    uint32_t start_time = HAL_GetTick();
    while (HAL_GetTick() - start_time < 100) {  // 等待100ms
        uint8_t status = 0;
        SWIM_Read_Status(hswim, &status);
        
        if ((status & 0x01) == 0) {  // BUSY位为0表示完成
            break;
        }
        
        HAL_Delay(1);
    }
    
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 读取状态寄存器
SWIM_Error_t SWIM_Read_Status(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint8_t* status)
{
    uint8_t cmd_buffer[2];
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    
    cmd_buffer[0] = SWIM_CMD_RSTAT;
    cmd_buffer[1] = SWIM_Calculate_CRC(cmd_buffer, 1);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Send_Byte(hswim, cmd_buffer[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    }
    
    err = SWIM_Receive_Byte(hswim, status);
    return err;
}

8、CRC计算

// 计算CRC
uint8_t SWIM_Calculate_CRC(uint8_t* data, uint8_t len)
{
    uint8_t crc = 0;
    
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        crc ^= data[i];
    }
    
    return crc;
}

9、STM8 Flash编程器

// stm8_programmer.c
#include "swim.h"

// STM8 Flash参数
typedef struct {
    uint32_t flash_start;     // Flash起始地址
    uint32_t flash_size;      // Flash大小
    uint16_t page_size;       // 页大小
    uint8_t  family;          // 芯片系列
} STM8_FlashInfo_t;

// STM8芯片列表
static const STM8_FlashInfo_t stm8_chips[] = {
    // STM8S003/103
    {0x8000, 8192, 128, 0},
    // STM8S005/105
    {0x8000, 32768, 128, 0},
    // STM8S207/208
    {0x8000, 128*1024, 1024, 1},
    // STM8L101
    {0x8000, 8192, 128, 2},
    // STM8L151/152
    {0x8000, 32768, 256, 2},
};

// 读取STM8 ID
SWIM_Error_t STM8_Read_ID(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint16_t* chip_id)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    uint8_t id_low, id_high;
    
    // 读取低字节
    err = SWIM_Read_Byte(hswim, 0x48CD, &id_low);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    
    // 读取高字节
    err = SWIM_Read_Byte(hswim, 0x48CE, &id_high);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    
    *chip_id = (id_high << 8) | id_low;
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 擦除整个Flash
SWIM_Error_t STM8_Mass_Erase(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    uint8_t cmd_buffer[2];
    
    printf("开始全片擦除...\n");
    
    cmd_buffer[0] = 0x84;  // 全片擦除命令
    cmd_buffer[1] = SWIM_Calculate_CRC(cmd_buffer, 1);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        err = SWIM_Send_Byte(hswim, cmd_buffer[i]);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    }
    
    // 接收响应
    uint8_t response = 0;
    err = SWIM_Receive_Byte(hswim, &response);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) return err;
    
    if (response != 0x00) {
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    // 等待擦除完成
    printf("擦除中，请等待...\n");
    HAL_Delay(1000);  // STM8全片擦除需要较长时间
    
    printf("全片擦除完成\n");
    return SWIM_OK;
}

// 编程Flash
SWIM_Error_t STM8_Program_Flash(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim, uint32_t addr, uint8_t* data, uint32_t size)
{
    SWIM_Error_t err;
    uint16_t chip_id;
    const STM8_FlashInfo_t* chip_info = NULL;
    
    // 1. 读取芯片ID
    err = STM8_Read_ID(hswim, &chip_id);
    if (err != SWIM_OK) {
        printf("读取芯片ID失败\n");
        return err;
    }
    
    printf("芯片ID: 0x%04X\n", chip_id);
    
    // 2. 根据ID获取芯片信息
    switch (chip_id) {
        case 0x004A:  // STM8S003/103
            chip_info = &stm8_chips[0];
            printf("检测到: STM8S003/103 (8KB Flash)\n");
            break;
        case 0x004B:  // STM8S005/105
            chip_info = &stm8_chips[1];
            printf("检测到: STM8S005/105 (32KB Flash)\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("未知芯片，使用默认参数\n");
            chip_info = &stm8_chips[0];
    }
    
    // 3. 检查地址范围
    if (addr < chip_info->flash_start || 
        addr + size > chip_info->flash_start + chip_info->flash_size) {
        printf("地址超出范围\n");
        return SWIM_ERROR;
    }
    
    // 4. 按页编程
    uint32_t current_addr = addr;
    uint32_t bytes_remaining = size;
    uint8_t* current_data = data;
    
    while (bytes_remaining > 0) {
        // 计算当前页
        uint32_t page_start = (current_addr / chip_info->page_size) * chip_info->page_size;
        uint32_t page_offset = current_addr - page_start;
        uint32_t bytes_in_page = chip_info->page_size - page_offset;
        
        if (bytes_in_page > bytes_remaining) {
            bytes_in_page = bytes_remaining;
        }
        
        printf("编程页面: 0x%06lX, 大小: %lu字节\n", page_start, bytes_in_page);
        
        // 擦除页面
        err = SWIM_Erase_Page(hswim, page_start);
        if (err != SWIM_OK) {
            printf("页面擦除失败\n");
            return err;
        }
        
        // 写入页面数据
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bytes_in_page; i++) {
            err = SWIM_Write_Byte(hswim, current_addr + i, current_data[i]);
            if (err != SWIM_OK) {
                printf("写入失败在地址: 0x%06lX\n", current_addr + i);
                return err;
            }
            
            // 验证写入
            uint8_t verify_data = 0;
            SWIM_Read_Byte(hswim, current_addr + i, &verify_data);
            if (verify_data != current_data[i]) {
                printf("验证失败在地址: 0x%06lX (写入: 0x%02X, 读取: 0x%02X)\n", 
                       current_addr + i, current_data[i], verify_data);
                return SWIM_ERROR;
            }
        }
        
        // 更新指针
        current_addr += bytes_in_page;
        current_data += bytes_in_page;
        bytes_remaining -= bytes_in_page;
        
        printf("进度: %.1f%%\n", 100.0f * (size - bytes_remaining) / size);
    }
    
    printf("编程完成\n");
    return SWIM_OK;
}

四、主程序示例

// main.c
#include "main.h"
#include "swim.h"
#include "stm8_programmer.h"

// SWIM句柄
SWIM_Handle_t hswim;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;

int main(void)
{
    HAL_Init();
    SystemClock_Config();
    
    // 初始化外设
    MX_GPIO_Init();
    MX_TIM2_Init();  // 用于精确延时
    
    // 初始化SWIM
    SWIM_Init(&hswim, GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0, &htim2);
    
    printf("STM8 SWIM编程器 v1.0\n");
    printf("====================\n");
    
    // 激活STM8
    printf("尝试激活STM8...\n");
    SWIM_Error_t err = SWIM_Activate(&hswim);
    
    if (err != SWIM_OK) {
        printf("激活失败: %d\n", err);
        return 1;
    }
    
    printf("STM8激活成功\n");
    
    // 读取芯片ID
    uint16_t chip_id = 0;
    err = STM8_Read_ID(&hswim, &chip_id);
    if (err == SWIM_OK) {
        printf("芯片ID: 0x%04X\n", chip_id);
    }
    
    // 示例：读取Flash内容
    uint8_t flash_data[256];
    printf("读取前256字节Flash...\n");
    
    err = SWIM_Read_Memory(&hswim, 0x8000, flash_data, 256);
    if (err == SWIM_OK) {
        printf("读取成功\n");
        
        // 显示前16字节
        printf("地址  00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F\n");
        printf("8000 ");
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
            printf("%02X ", flash_data[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    
    // 示例：编程Flash
    uint8_t program_data[] = {
        0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x4E, 0x71, 0xAE, 0x02,
        0x4E, 0x75, 0x20, 0x4E, 0x71, 0xAE, 0x02, 0x4E
    };
    
    printf("开始编程Flash...\n");
    err = STM8_Program_Flash(&hswim, 0x8000, program_data, sizeof(program_data));
    if (err == SWIM_OK) {
        printf("编程成功\n");
    } else {
        printf("编程失败: %d\n", err);
    }
    
    // 重置STM8
    SWIM_Reset(&hswim);
    
    // 显示统计信息
    SWIM_Print_Status(&hswim);
    
    while (1) {
        HAL_Delay(1000);
    }
}

五、CubeMX配置

1、GPIO配置

PA0: Output Open Drain, No pull, High speed

2、定时器配置（TIM2）

Prescaler: 23 (24MHz/24 = 1MHz)
Counter Period: 65535
Clock Division: 0
Auto-reload: Enable

参考代码 STM8 SWIM接口，使用STM32F100单片机实现 www.youwenfan.com/contentcnu/70103.html

六、调试技巧

1、逻辑分析仪调试

// 添加调试引脚
#define DEBUG_PIN_SET()   HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define DEBUG_PIN_CLR()   HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_RESET)

// 在关键位置添加
DEBUG_PIN_SET();
SWIM_Send_Byte(&hswim, data);
DEBUG_PIN_CLR();

2、错误诊断

void SWIM_Print_Status(SWIM_Handle_t* hswim)
{
    printf("=== SWIM状态 ===\n");
    printf("发送字节数: %lu\n", hswim->tx_count);
    printf("接收字节数: %lu\n", hswim->rx_count);
    printf("错误计数: %lu\n", hswim->error_count);
    printf("当前状态: %d\n", hswim->state);
}

七、性能优化

1. 使用DMA+定时器

// 使用定时器产生精确的PWM波形
void SWIM_Send_Byte_DMA(uint8_t data)
{
    // 将字节转换为PWM波形
    uint8_t waveform[40];  // 每个位4个采样点
    
    // 配置DMA传输
    HAL_TIM_PWM_Start_DMA(&htim, TIM_CHANNEL_1, waveform, 40);
}

2. 中断驱动接收

// 使用外部中断检测下降沿
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    if (GPIO_Pin == SWIM_PIN) {
        // 记录下降沿时间
        uint32_t edge_time = micros();
        
        // 计算位值
        if (edge_time - last_edge_time > 2) {
            received_bit = 0;  // 长低电平是0
        } else {
            received_bit = 1;  // 短低电平是1
        }
        
        last_edge_time = edge_time;
    }
}

八、生产测试

// production_test.c
void SWIM_Production_Test(void)
{
    printf("=== SWIM生产测试 ===\n");
    
    // 1. 测试激活
    printf("1. 测试激活...");
    if (SWIM_Activate(&hswim) == SWIM_OK) {
        printf("通过\n");
    } else {
        printf("失败\n");
        return;
    }
    
    // 2. 测试ID读取
    printf("2. 测试ID读取...");
    uint16_t chip_id = 0;
    if (STM8_Read_ID(&hswim, &chip_id) == SWIM_OK) {
        printf("通过 (ID: 0x%04X)\n", chip_id);
    } else {
        printf("失败\n");
    }
    
    // 3. 测试读写
    printf("3. 测试读写...");
    uint8_t test_data[8] = {0xAA, 0x55, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06};
    uint8_t read_data[8];
    
    // 写入测试RAM区域
    if (SWIM_Write_Memory(&hswim, 0x0000, test_data, 8) == SWIM_OK &&
        SWIM_Read_Memory(&hswim, 0x0000, read_data, 8) == SWIM_OK &&
        memcmp(test_data, read_data, 8) == 0) {
        printf("通过\n");
    } else {
        printf("失败\n");
    }
    
    printf("=== 测试完成 ===\n");
}

posted @ 2026-05-17 11:49 yes_go 阅读(11) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

eyiol

STM32F100 模拟 STM8 SWIM 接口实现

一、SWIM接口原理

1、SWIM物理层特性

2、引脚连接

二、硬件配置

1、STM32F100最小系统

2、外部电路

三、SWIM协议实现

1、头文件定义

2、SWIM初始化

3、SWIM激活序列（关键）

4、位传输函数

5、字节传输函数

6、内存读写函数

7、Flash编程函数

8、CRC计算

9、STM8 Flash编程器

四、主程序示例

五、CubeMX配置

1、GPIO配置

2、定时器配置（TIM2）

六、调试技巧

1、逻辑分析仪调试

2、错误诊断

七、性能优化

1. 使用DMA+定时器

2. 中断驱动接收

八、生产测试

公告